Elena
Parina
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This study investigates the function of overt relative markers (yr hwn etc.) in a sample of the 16th-century Welsh translation of Gesta Romanorum. Using previous findings from a collection of 14th-century texts, the following results were obtained: (1) The relative frequency of the construction significantly increases in this text compared to the earlier period, which points to the expansion of this construction. (2) The data both from the 14th- century sample, as well as from the Gesta Romanorum, demonstrate that this construction is used to mark non-restrictive relative clauses. (3) Moreover, in Gesta Romanorum, another usage of this construction is found frequently, where overt marking is used in presentative relative clauses. This testifies that the category proposed by Lambrecht (2000) for French is valid for other languages.
This study investigates the function of overt relative markers (yr hwn etc.) in a sample of the 16th-century Welsh translation of Gesta Romanorum. Using previous findings from a collection of 14th-century texts, the following results were obtained: (1) The relative frequency of the construction significantly increases in this text compared to the earlier period, which points to the expansion of this construction. (2) The data both from the 14th- century sample, as well as from the Gesta Romanorum, demonstrate that this construction is used to mark non-restrictive relative clauses. (3) Moreover, in Gesta Romanorum, another usage of this construction is found frequently, where overt marking is used in presentative relative clauses. This testifies that the category proposed by Lambrecht (2000) for French is valid for other languages.
EN: This contribution advocates for leaving the notion of borrowings as once-and-for-all processes and argues in favour of the mechanism of multiple inputs. This perspective lies behind etymological analysis of loanwords into Middle English in the Oxford English Dictionary and the analysis of some Middle Welsh words suggests that it could be even more plausible for medieval Wales given its multilingual situation, where Latin, Middle English and Anglo-French functioned as lexical donors. As illustrations for the notion of multiple origins some loanwords in a religious text Ystoria Lucidar in the 14th century manuscript Oxford, Jesus College MS. 119 are analysed on an exemplary basis. Although all of them are classified as borrowings from Middle English or possibly Anglo-French in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru their correspondence to the phonetically similar Latin equivalents could suggest at least a reinforcement of re-borrowing of words in the process of translation that is a specific locus of language contact.
RU: В статье предлагается учитывать возможность неоднократного заимствования при этимологическом анализе средневаллийских лексем. Для среднеанглийского языка этот подход убедительно применяется в Oxford English Dictionary, в валлийском словаре Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru этимологические пометы делаются исходя из предположения о единственности возможного источника заимствования. Анализ отдельных лексем в религиозном тексте Ystoria Lucidar в рукописи 14-го века Oxford, Jesus College MS. 119, маркированных в словаре как заимствования из среднеанглийского (или, возможно, французского), но при этом соответствующих в латинском оригинале лексемам, к которым в конечном итоге восходят и английские слова, заставляет предположить как минимум возможность расширения значения или повторного их заимствования при переводе.
EN: This contribution advocates for leaving the notion of borrowings as once-and-for-all processes and argues in favour of the mechanism of multiple inputs. This perspective lies behind etymological analysis of loanwords into Middle English in the Oxford English Dictionary and the analysis of some Middle Welsh words suggests that it could be even more plausible for medieval Wales given its multilingual situation, where Latin, Middle English and Anglo-French functioned as lexical donors. As illustrations for the notion of multiple origins some loanwords in a religious text Ystoria Lucidar in the 14th century manuscript Oxford, Jesus College MS. 119 are analysed on an exemplary basis. Although all of them are classified as borrowings from Middle English or possibly Anglo-French in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru their correspondence to the phonetically similar Latin equivalents could suggest at least a reinforcement of re-borrowing of words in the process of translation that is a specific locus of language contact.
RU: В статье предлагается учитывать возможность неоднократного заимствования при этимологическом анализе средневаллийских лексем. Для среднеанглийского языка этот подход убедительно применяется в Oxford English Dictionary, в валлийском словаре Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru этимологические пометы делаются исходя из предположения о единственности возможного источника заимствования. Анализ отдельных лексем в религиозном тексте Ystoria Lucidar в рукописи 14-го века Oxford, Jesus College MS. 119, маркированных в словаре как заимствования из среднеанглийского (или, возможно, французского), но при этом соответствующих в латинском оригинале лексемам, к которым в конечном итоге восходят и английские слова, заставляет предположить как минимум возможность расширения значения или повторного их заимствования при переводе.
